Vayedaber

הוּא אָסוּר בְּאִמָּהּ, וּבְאֵם אִמָּהּ, וּבְאֵם אָבִיהָ, וּבְבִתָּהּ, וּבְבַת בִּתָּהּ, וּבְבַת בְּנָהּ, וּבַאֲחוֹתָהּ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא קַיֶּימֶת. וְהָאַחִין מוּתָּרִין.

Traduction

Accordingly, he is forbidden to engage in relations with her mother, and with her mother’s mother, and with her father’s mother, and with her daughter, and with her daughter’s daughter, and with her son’s daughter, and with her sister while his yevama is still alive. However, the other brothers who did not perform ḥalitza are permitted to her relatives.

Rachi non traduit

הוא אסור כו'. כל הנך עריות דאורייתא נינהו באשתו וגזרינהו רבנן בחלוצתו:

בזמן שהיא קיימת. אאחותה קאי ולא אשאר עריות:

וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בְּאָבִיו, וּבַאֲבִי אָבִיו, וּבִבְנוֹ, וּבְבֶן בְּנוֹ, בְּאָחִיו, וּבְבֶן אָחִיו.

Traduction

And she is forbidden to engage in relations with his father, and with his father’s father, and with his son, and with his son’s son, and with his brother, and with his brother’s son.

Rachi non traduit

באביו. משום כלתו:

ובאבי אביו. משום כלת בנו. אע''ג דבאשתו גמורה אין אסורה לאבי אביו אלא מדברי סופרים דהא כלת בנו משניות דרבנן היא ואפילו הכי גזרוה רבנן נמי בחלוצה:

בבנו. משום אשת אב:

בבן בנו. משום אשת אבי אביו שהיא מן השניות:

באחיו. משום אשת אח:

בבן אחיו. משום אשת אחי אביו:

מוּתָּר אָדָם בִּקְרוֹבַת צָרַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ. וְאָסוּר בְּצָרַת קְרוֹבַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ.

Traduction

The mishna states an additional principle: A man is permitted to engage in relations with a relative of a rival wife of his ḥalutza, i.e., his yevama with whom he performed ḥalitza. Since he did not perform ḥalitza with her, she is not regarded as though she had actually been married to him. However, he is forbidden to engage in relations with a rival wife of a relative of his ḥalutza, i.e., in addition to being forbidden to the relatives of his ḥalutza, he is also forbidden to their rival wives.

Rachi non traduit

מותר אדם בקרובת צרת חלוצתו. ולא אמרינן צרה כחלוצה ואסור בקרובותיה:

ואסור בצרת קרובת חלוצתו. ראובן חלץ ללאה ורחל נשואה לנכרי ולה צרה ומת הנכרי אסורה הצרה לראובן וטעמא מפרש בגמרא:

גְּמָ' אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ: גָּזְרוּ שְׁנִיּוֹת בַּחֲלוּצָה, אוֹ לֹא?

Traduction

GEMARA: A dilemma was raised before the Sages: In addition to the Torah prohibition against engaging in relations with one’s wife’s close relatives, the Sages decreed that it is also prohibited to engage in relations with one’s wife’s secondary relatives, i.e., those who are less closely related and so are permitted by Torah law. Since the Sages decreed that a ḥalutza is to be regarded as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza, such that her close relatives are forbidden to him, did they also decree that the prohibition of secondary forbidden relationships should also apply in the case of a ḥalutza, or not?

Rachi non traduit

גמ' גזרו שניות בחלוצה או לא. כגון אם אם אמה ואם אם אביה דגבי אשתו מיתסרו עליה משום שניות כדתני רבי חייא בפרק כיצד (לעיל יבמות דף כב.) רביעי שבחמיו ושבחמותו שניה הכא מאי:

בְּעֶרְוָה דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא — גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן שְׁנִיּוֹת, בַּחֲלוּצָה — לָא גְּזַרוּ רַבָּנַן שְׁנִיּוֹת, אוֹ דִלְמָא לָא שְׁנָא.

Traduction

The Gemara presents the sides of the dilemma: Did the Sages decree that the prohibition of secondary forbidden relationships applies only in a case where there is a relative with whom relations are forbidden by Torah law, but in the case of a ḥalutza, whose relatives are forbidden only by rabbinic decree, they did not decree that there should be a prohibition of secondary forbidden relationships? Or perhaps the case of a ḥalutza is no different, and since the basis of the rabbinic prohibition applying to her relatives is that it is considered as though she had actually been married to her yavam, the prohibition should extend to her secondary relatives as well?

Rachi non traduit

בערוה דאורייתא. כלומר באשתו דאמה ואם אמה הוה ערוה דאורייתא גזרו רבנן שניות אבל בחלוצה דאפילו עריות דידה דרבנן לא גזרו שניות בהן:

או דלמא לא שנא. וממתני' לא דייק דקתני היא אסורה באבי אביו משום כלת בנו דהוי שניה הא קמייתינן לה לקמן עלה דהא מילתא ומדחי ליה למימר לאו משום חולץ אלא בשביל המת שהיתה זו אשתו גמורה לפיכך אבי אביו אסור בה משום כלת בנו:

תָּא שְׁמַע: הוּא אָסוּר בְּאִמָּהּ וּבְאֵם אִמָּהּ, וְאִילּוּ ''אֵם אֵם אִמָּהּ'' — לָא קָתָנֵי!

Traduction

The Gemara suggests: Come and hear a proof from the mishna: A yavam is prohibited from engaging in relations with the mother of his ḥalutza and with her mother’s mother. However, the mishna does not teach that it is prohibited to engage in relations with her mother’s mother’s mother, which is one of the secondary relationships. This would suggest that the prohibition of secondary relationships does not apply in this case.

דִּלְמָא הַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דְּלָא תָּנֵי, מִשּׁוּם דְּקָבָעֵי לְמִיתְנֵי סֵיפָא ''וְהָאַחִין מוּתָּרִין'', וְאִי תָּנָא ''אֵם אֵם אִמָּהּ'', הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: הָאַחִין מוּתָּרִין דַּוְקָא בְּאֵם אֵם אִמָּהּ, אֲבָל בְּאֵם אִמָּהּ וּבְאִמָּהּ — לֹא.

Traduction

The Gemara rejects the proof: Perhaps this is the reason that the mishna does not teach that case, because it needs to teach in the latter clause: However, the other brothers who did not perform ḥalitza are permitted to her relatives. And if it had taught the prohibition of her mother’s mother’s mother in the first clause, I would mistakenly say that the brothers are permitted specifically to her mother’s mother’s mother, but not to her mother’s mother. Therefore, no proof can be adduced from that case of the mishna.

Rachi non traduit

ה''א האחין מותרין. לא קאי אלא אאם אם אמה דלא גזרו שניות בזיקה אבל אמה ואם אמה דהוו להו עריות דאורייתא לגבי אשה גמורה לא משתרו אחין דגזרו עריות בזיקה ואפי' לאחר חליצה נימא דאיהו שליחותייהו עבד משום הכי לא תנייה:

Tossefoth non traduit

אבל אמה ואם אמה לא. והא דתנן בפרק ב' (לעיל יבמות כג:) אחד חולץ ואחד מייבם אלמא שרי באחותה שאני התם משום דאימור דידיה איתרמי ליה והא נמי דתנן לקמן בפרקין (יבמות דף מא.) החולץ ליבמתו ונשא אחיו את אחותה היינו דיעבד:

וְלִיתְנֵי ''אֵם אֵם אִמָּהּ'', וְלִיתְנֵי ''הָאַחִין מוּתָּרִין בְּכוּלָּן''! קַשְׁיָא.

Traduction

The Gemara objects: But if he is forbidden to the great-grandmother, then let it teach: Her mother’s mother’s mother in the first clause, and then let it teach: The brothers are permitted to all of them, in the latter clause. This would avoid the concern stated above. The fact that the mishna did not do so would suggest that he is not forbidden to the great-grandmother, or any other secondary relatives. The Gemara concludes: Indeed, this is difficult, but still inconclusive.

Tossefoth non traduit

וליתני אחין מותרין בכולן קשיא. הא דלא קאמר אלא שמע מינה דלא גזרו שניות בחלוצה היינו משום דלקמן מסיק דגזרו ולא שייך לשנויי תנא ושייר כיון דלא תנא שום שניה אלא הני דאורייתא לחוד:

תָּא שְׁמַע: הִיא אֲסוּרָה בְּאָבִיו וּבַאֲבִי אָבִיו. קָתָנֵי מִיהָא אֲבִי אָבִיו, מַאי לָאו, מִשּׁוּם חוֹלֵץ דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ כַּלַּת בְּנוֹ!

Traduction

The Gemara suggests: Come and hear another proof from the mishna: She is prohibited from engaging in relations with his father, and with his father’s father. The Gemara explains the proof: In any case, the mishna teaches that she is forbidden to his father’s father. What, is it not that she is forbidden to him due to the rabbinic decree that it is considered as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza with her, and therefore she is forbidden to the grandfather because she is considered to be the grandfather’s son’s daughter-in-law, i.e., the wife of one of the grandfather’s grandsons, which is a secondary relationship? If so, the mishna explicitly demonstrates that the prohibition of secondary relationships also applies in the case of a ḥalutza.

לָא, מִשּׁוּם מִיתָנָא, דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ כַּלַּת בְּנוֹ.

Traduction

The Gemara rejects the proof: No, she is forbidden to his grandfather due to her previous marriage with the deceased, whose relatives are forbidden to her by Torah law, and it is due to that relationship that she is considered the grandfather’s son’s daughter-in-law. Therefore, no proof can be adduced from that case of the mishna.

תָּא שְׁמַע: וּבְבֶן בְּנוֹ. מַאי לָאו, מִשּׁוּם חוֹלֵץ, דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ (מִשּׁוּם) אֵשֶׁת אֲבִי אָבִיו!

Traduction

The Gemara suggests: Come and hear another proof from the mishna: And she is prohibited from engaging in relations with his son’s son. The Gemara explains the proof: What, is it not that she is forbidden to him due to the rabbinic decree that it is considered as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza with her, and she is therefore forbidden to his grandson because she is considered to be the wife of that grandson’s father’s father, which is a secondary relationship? If so, the mishna explicitly demonstrates that the prohibition of secondary relationships also applies in the case of a ḥalutza.

Rachi non traduit

ת''ש מבן בנו מאי לאו משום חולץ דהוי ליה אשת אבי אביו. והיא מן השניות:

לָא, מִשּׁוּם מִיתָנָא, וְהָוְיָא לַהּ אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אֲבִי אָבִיו.

Traduction

The Gemara rejects the proof: No, she is forbidden to his grandson due to her previous marriage with the deceased, whose relatives are forbidden to her by Torah law, and it is due to that relationship that she is considered to be the wife of a brother of that grandson’s father’s father, which is also a forbidden secondary relationship. Therefore, no proof can be adduced from that case of the mishna.

Rachi non traduit

לא משום מיתנא. שהיתה זו אשתו גמורה ואסורה על בן בנו של חולץ דהויא לה אשת אחי אבי אביו וקס''ד דהא נמי משניות היא:

הָא אַמֵּימָר מַכְשַׁר בְּאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אֲבִי אָבִיו!

Traduction

The Gemara asks: But Ameimar rules permissible the marriage of a man to the wife of a brother of that man’s father’s father. Accordingly, the prohibition in the mishna cannot be due to that relationship.

Rachi non traduit

והא אמימר מכשר כו'. בפרק כיצד (לעיל יבמות דף כא:):

אַמֵּימָר מוֹקֵי לַהּ בְּבַר בְּרָא דְּסָבָא.

Traduction

The Gemara explains: Ameimar would establish the mishna’s case of: His son’s son, as referring to engaging in relations with a son of a son of the grandfather. The mishna states that she is forbidden to his father, to his father’s father, to his son, and to his son’s son. The Gemara assumed that antecedent of the pronoun: His, in the phrase: To his son and to his son’s son, is the one who performed ḥalitza. As such, the mishna teaches that she is forbidden to the son and grandson of the one who performed ḥalitza with her, which are secondary relationships. Ameimar, however, would claim the antecedent of this pronoun is the father’s father, which immediately precedes it in the mishna. As such, the mishna is teaching that she is forbidden to the grandfather of the one who performed ḥalitza with her, to that grandfather’s sons, i.e., the brothers of the deceased, and to the grandfather’s sons’ sons, i.e., the nephews of the deceased. The yevama is forbidden to these relatives by Torah law. Therefore, no proof can be derived from that case of the mishna.

Rachi non traduit

אמימר מוקי לה. להאי בן בנו דמתני' אסבא אביהן של מת וחולץ דתנא ברישא דקתני היא אסורה באביו והדר תני ובבנו של אביו שהוא אחי המת והחולץ וקמה עליה בלא יבנה משחלץ לה האחד ולבן בנו של אביהם דהויא ליה אשת אחי אביו:

Tossefoth non traduit

אמימר מוקי לה כו'. כל סוגיא דשמעתין דלא כאמימר כדפרשתי לעיל (יבמות דף כא:
ד''ה אמימר):

אִי הָכִי, הַיְינוּ אָחִיו וּבֶן אָחִיו? תְּנָא אָחִיו מִן הָאָב, וְקָתָנֵי אָחִיו מִן הָאֵם.

Traduction

The Gemara challenges this understanding of: His son and his son’s son: But if so, these relatives are none other than his brother and the son of his brother, who are already explicitly mentioned in the mishna. The Gemara explains: This is not a case of unnecessary repetition because the mishna first teaches that she is forbidden to his paternal half brother and then teaches that she is forbidden to his maternal half brother as well.

Rachi non traduit

וקתני אחין מן האם. שהיה זה אחיו מן האם או בן אחיו מן האם ולאו משום חולץ דא''כ הויא לה שניות בחלוצה דהא ליתא אלא אשת אחי האב מן האם והא בשניות תנינן לה אלא משום מיתנא דהוי שניה משום ערוה דאורייתא דאשתו מעלייתא הוה וכגון שהיו היבם והחולץ אחין מן האב ומן האם ולשניהם אח מן האם שלא מן האב:

תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּתָנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּיא: אַרְבַּע מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, וְאַרְבַּע מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים: אָב וּבְנוֹ, אָחִיו, וּבֶן אָחִיו — מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה. אֲבִי אָבִיו, וַאֲבִי אִמּוֹ, בֶּן בְּנוֹ, וּבֶן בִּתּוֹ — מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים

Traduction

The Gemara suggests: Come and hear a proof from a baraita that Rabbi Ḥiyya taught: Of the relatives who are forbidden to a ḥalutza, four are forbidden by Torah law and four by rabbinic law, as follows: The father of the deceased husband, and his son, his brother, and his brother’s son are forbidden by Torah law; his father’s father, and his mother’s father, his son’s son, and his daughter’s son are forbidden by rabbinic law.

Rachi non traduit

דתני רבי חייא. בחלוצה:

ארבע מדברי תורה. כלומר דלגבי אשתו הויין דאורייתא:

אב. של חולץ אסור בה מן התורה מפני המת דהויא ליה כלתו של אב:

ובנו. של חולץ שהיה המת אחי אביו וערוה היא לגביה:

ואחיו. של חולץ דהוה נמי אחי המת וקם ליה בלא יבנה:

ובן אחיו. של חולץ שהיה המת אחי אביו:

אבי אביו. משום כלת בנו:

ואבי אמו. משום כלת בתו:

ובן בנו. קס''ד משום חולץ דהויא ליה אשת אבי אביו:

ובן בתו. דהויא ליה אשת אבי אמו. וכל הנך שניות נינהו:

קָתָנֵי מִיהָא אֲבִי אָבִיו. מַאי לָאו, מִשּׁוּם חוֹלֵץ, וְהָוְיָא לַהּ כַּלַּת בְּנוֹ!

Traduction

In any case, the baraita teaches that she is forbidden to his father’s father. What, is it not that she is forbidden to him due to the rabbinic decree that it is considered as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza with her, and therefore she is forbidden to the grandfather because she is considered to be the grandfather’s son’s daughter-in-law, which is a secondary forbidden relationship? This would prove that the prohibition of secondary relationships applies in the case of a ḥalutza.

לָא, מִשּׁוּם מִיתָנָא, דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ כַּלַּת בְּנוֹ.

Traduction

The Gemara rejects the proof: No, she is forbidden due to her previous marriage with the deceased, whose relatives are forbidden to her by Torah law, and it is due to that relationship that she is considered the grandfather’s son’s daughter-in-law. Therefore, no proof can be adduced from that case of the baraita.

תָּא שְׁמַע: אֲבִי אִמּוֹ. מַאי לָאו, מִשּׁוּם חוֹלֵץ, דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ כַּלַּת בִּתּוֹ!

Traduction

The Gemara proceeds to consider whether proof may be adduced from each of the other secondary relationships listed in the baraita: Come and hear a proof from that which the baraita teaches: She is forbidden to his mother’s father. The Gemara explains the proof: What, is it not that she is forbidden to him due to the rabbinic decree that it is considered as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza with her, and therefore she is forbidden to the grandfather because she is considered to be the grandfather’s daughter’s daughter-in-law, which is a secondary relationship? This would prove that the prohibition of secondary relationships applies in the case of a ḥalutza.

Rachi non traduit

הכי גרסינן ת''ש ובאבי אמו מאי לאו משום חולץ דהויא ליה כלת בתו לא משום מיתנא דהויא ליה כלת בתו. וכגון שהיו אחין אף מן האם:

לָא, מִשּׁוּם מִיתָנָא, דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ כַּלַּת בִּתּוֹ.

Traduction

The Gemara rejects the proof: No, she is forbidden due to her previous marriage with the deceased, whose relatives are forbidden to her by Torah law, and it is due to that relationship that she is considered the grandfather’s daughter’s daughter-in-law. Therefore, no proof can be adduced from that case of the baraita.

תָּא שְׁמַע: וּבֶן בְּנוֹ. מַאי לָאו, מִשּׁוּם חוֹלֵץ, דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ אֵשֶׁת אֲבִי אָבִיו!

Traduction

Come and hear a proof from that which the baraita teaches: And she is forbidden to his son’s son. The Gemara explains the proof: What, is it not that she is forbidden to him due to the rabbinic decree that it is considered as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza with her, and so she is forbidden to his grandson because she is considered to be the wife of that grandson’s father’s father, which is a secondary relationship? If so, the baraita explicitly demonstrates that the prohibition of secondary relationships applies in the case of a ḥalutza.

לָא, מִשּׁוּם מִיתָנָא, וְהָוְיָא לַהּ אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אֲבִי אָבִיו.

Traduction

The Gemara rejects the proof: No, she is forbidden to his grandson due to her previous marriage with the deceased, whose relatives are forbidden to her by Torah law, and due to that relationship she is considered to be the wife of a brother of that grandson’s father’s father, which is also a forbidden secondary relationship. Therefore, no proof can be adduced from that case of the baraita.

וְהָא אַמֵּימָר מַכְשִׁיר בְּאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אֲבִי אָבִיו! אַמֵּימָר מוֹקֵים לַהּ מִשּׁוּם חוֹלֵץ, וְקָסָבַר גָּזְרוּ שְׁנִיּוֹת בַּחֲלוּצָה.

Traduction

The Gemara asks: But didn’t Ameimar rule permissible the marriage of a man with the wife of a brother of his father’s father? Accordingly, the prohibition in the mishna cannot be due to that relationship. The Gemara concedes: Ameimar would establish the mishna’s case of: His son’s son, as being due to the rabbinic decree that it is considered as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza with her, and as such it is evident that he holds that the Sages decreed that the prohibition of secondary forbidden relationships should apply in the case of a ḥalutza.

Rachi non traduit

אמימר מוקי לה. ודאי כדקאמרת משום חולץ וקסבר גזרו שניות בחלוצה. אבל מאן דאסר באשת אחי אבי האב מצי לאוקמי משום מיתנא ותיבעי לך אי גזרו שניות בחלוצה או לא:

תָּא שְׁמַע: וּבְבֶן בִּתּוֹ. מַאי לָאו, מִשּׁוּם חוֹלֵץ, דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ אֵשֶׁת אֲבִי אִמּוֹ!

Traduction

The Gemara continues to seek proof for those who disagree with Ameimar: Come and hear a proof from that which the baraita teaches: And she is forbidden to his daughter’s son. The Gemara explains the proof: What, is it not that she is forbidden to him due to the rabbinic decree that it is considered as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza with her, and so she is forbidden to his grandson because she is considered to be the wife of that grandson’s mother’s father, which is a secondary relationship? If so, the baraita explicitly demonstrates that the prohibition of secondary relationships applies in the case of a ḥalutza.

Tossefoth non traduit

בבן בתו לאו משום חולץ. לא בעי לאוקמי בבן בתו דסבא דומיא דבן בנו דלא מיירי בבן בנו דסבא דא''כ הויא ליה אשת אחי אביו דאורייתא:

לָא, מִשּׁוּם מִיתָנָא, דְּהָוְיָא לַהּ אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אֲבִי אִמּוֹ. וְהָא גַּבֵּי שְׁנִיּוֹת דְּעֶרְוָה לֹא גָּזְרוּ!

Traduction

The Gemara rejects the proof: No, she is forbidden to his grandson due to her previous marriage with the deceased, whose relatives are forbidden to her by Torah law, and due to that relationship she is considered to be the wife of a brother of the grandson’s mother’s father. The Gemara challenges this: But the Sages did not decree that such a person is included among those relatives who are forbidden as secondary forbidden relationships.

אֶלָּא לָאו, מִשּׁוּם חוֹלֵץ, וּשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ גָּזְרוּ שְׁנִיּוֹת בַּחֲלוּצָה? שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.

Traduction

Rather, is it not, as the Gemara initially assumed, that she is forbidden to him due to the rabbinic decree that it is considered as though she had actually been married to the one who performed ḥalitza with her, and therefore must one not conclude from this case that the Sages decreed that the prohibition of secondary forbidden relationships should apply in the case of a ḥalutza? The Gemara confirms: One should indeed conclude from it that this is so.

Tossefoth non traduit

שמע מינה גזרו שניות בחלוצה. והא דלא תני במתניתין אבי אמו ובן בתו משום דתנא ושייר ומיהו רבי חייא דקתני מנינא קשה דלא תנא בן אחותו ובן אחיו מן האם ויש לומר דלא תנא אלא ארבע כנגד ארבע של דברי תורה:

מוּתָּר אָדָם וְכוּ'. אָמַר רַב טוֹבִי בַּר קִיסְנָא אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: הַבָּא עַל צָרַת חֲלוּצָה — הַוָּלָד מַמְזֵר. מַאי טַעְמָא? בְּאִיסּוּרַהּ קָיְימָא.

Traduction

§ The mishna states: A man is permitted to engage in relations with a relative of a rival wife of his ḥalutza; however, he is prohibited from engaging in relations with a rival wife of a relative of his ḥalutza. The Gemara cites a ruling: Rav Tovi bar Kisna said that Shmuel said: With regard to one who engages in intercourse with a rival wife of his ḥalutza, the offspring of that union is a mamzer. What is the reason for this ruling? It is that she remains in her original prohibition.
Normally, it is prohibited to engage in relations with one’s brother’s wife. However, when there is a mitzva to consummate levirate marriage, that prohibition does not apply, due to the levirate bond between the yavam and yevama. Although following ḥalitza the levirate bond is dissolved, the woman’s status as a ḥalutza means that only the lesser prohibition against marrying a ḥalutza applies to her, and she does not return to her original forbidden status. Shmuel claims that the rival wives of the ḥalutza are not considered to be represented in her act of ḥalitza; consequently, they are not afforded a status similar to that of the ḥalutza herself. Therefore, he assumes that following ḥalitza the rival wives once again become subject to the original prohibition against marrying a brother’s wife. Since that prohibition entails karet, any offspring born from such a union is a mamzer.

Rachi non traduit

באיסורה קיימא. חלוצה היא דקיימא בלא יבנה ותו לא אבל צרתה קיימא עליה באיסור אשת אח בכרת והולד ממזר:

אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף, אַף אֲנַן נָמֵי תְּנֵינָא: מוּתָּר אָדָם בִּקְרוֹבַת צָרַת חֲלוּצָתוֹ. אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא צָרָה אַבָּרַאי, מִשּׁוּם הָכִי מוּתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ.

Traduction

Rav Yosef said: We, too, learned this through an inference from the mishna: A man is permitted to engage in relations with a relative of a rival wife of his ḥalutza. Rav Yosef explains the inference: Granted, if you say that a rival wife is outside, i.e., she is not represented in the ḥalitza of the ḥalutza and so she is not afforded a status similar to that of the ḥalutza herself, then it is due to that reason that he is permitted to engage in relations with her sister and other relatives, because since they are not the relatives of his ḥalutza, there is no reason for them to be forbidden.

Rachi non traduit

אי אמרת בשלמא צרה אבראי קיימא. באיסורא קמא ולא אמרינן חלוצה שליחותא דידה עבדא:

משום הכי שרי באחותה. דלאו אחות חלוצה היא ולגבי דידה נמי כיון דחלוצה לאו שליחות דידה עבדא לא משויא ליה בלא יבנה אלא באיסורא קמא קיימא:

אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ צָרָה כַּחֲלוּצָה דָּמְיָא, אַמַּאי מוּתָּר?

Traduction

However, if you say that a rival wife is afforded a status similar to that of the ḥalutza herself, why is he permitted to her relatives? Rather, from the fact that the relatives of the rival wives are permitted, it is apparent that the rival wives are not represented in the ḥalitza. As such, it follows that they should return to their original forbidden status of a brother’s wives, as Shmuel claims.

Rachi non traduit

אלא אי אמרת צרה כחלוצה דמיא. דחלוצה שליחותא דידה עבדא ומשוי לה בלא יבנה א''כ הויא לה צרה כחלוצה ואמאי שרי באחותה:

לֵימָא תֶּיהְוֵי תְּיוּבְתָּא דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, דְּאָמַר: בֵּין הוּא, בֵּין אַחִין — אֵין חַיָּיבִין לֹא עַל הַחֲלוּצָה כָּרֵת, וְלֹא עַל צָרָתָהּ כָּרֵת.

Traduction

The Gemara suggests: Shall we say, then, that this mishna is a conclusive refutation of the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan? As Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Neither he who performed the ḥalitza nor his brothers are liable to receive karet; they are neither liable to receive karet on account of engaging in relations with the ḥalutza, nor are they liable to receive karet on account of engaging in relations with her rival wife.

Rachi non traduit

דר' יוחנן. בפרק קמא (לעיל יבמות י:):

ולא על צרתה כרת. החולץ ליבמתו וחזר ובא הוא או אחד מן האחין על צרתה:

אָמַר לָךְ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וְתִסְבְּרַאּ אֲחוֹת חֲלוּצָה דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא? וְהָאָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: כָּאן שָׁנָה רַבִּי אָחוֹת גְּרוּשָׁה מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, אֲחוֹת חֲלוּצָה מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים.

Traduction

The Gemara responds: Rabbi Yoḥanan could have said to you: But how can you understand it that way? Why do you assume that if the rival wives are considered to be represented in the ḥalitza that perforce means that their relatives should be forbidden to the yavam? Is a sister of one’s ḥalutza forbidden by Torah law? Didn’t Reish Lakish say with regard to another mishna (41a): Here, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi taught: Engaging in relations with a sister of one’s divorcée is forbidden by Torah law, whereas engaging in relations with a sister of one’s ḥalutza is forbidden by rabbinic law. Since the prohibition with regard to the relatives of one’s ḥalutza is rabbinic, it is reasonable to assume that it was applied to only the wife who actually performed ḥalitza and not extended to her rival wives, even if they are considered to be represented in her ḥalitza to the extent that they do not return to their original forbidden status.

Rachi non traduit

ותסברא. דהא ראיה דרב יוסף דאייתי ממתניתין ראיה היא וכי חלוצה גופא דאורייתא (דרבנן היא) דכי אמרינן צרה כחלוצה יאסר באחות הצרה:

והאמר ר''ל. לקמן אמתניתין דלקמן:

כאן שנה רבי. במשנה זו למדנו רבי אחות גרושה מדברי תורה וכו' ולקמן מפרש לה. וכיון דאחות חלוצה גופה דרבנן בחלוצה גזור באחותה בצרה לא גזור:

מַאי שְׁנָא הַאי, וּמַאי שְׁנָא הַאי?

Traduction

§ The Gemara questions the distinction indicated by the mishna: What is different about this woman, the relative of a rival wife of one’s ḥalutza, that she is permitted, and what is different about that woman, the rival wife of a relative of one’s ḥalutza, that she is forbidden?

Rachi non traduit

מאי שנא. רישא קרובת צרת חלוצה דשריא ומאי שנא סיפא צרת קרובת חלוצתו ששתיהן נכריות היא וצרתה נשואות לנכרי וקתני אסור: